@Article{InnocentiniCaetCarv:2014:PrOpUs,
               author = "Innocentini, Valdir and Caetano, Ernesto and Carvalho, Jonas 
                         Takeo",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Institute 
                         of Geography, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico and 
                         Rede de Modelagem e Observa{\c{c}}{\~a}o Oceanogr{\'a}fica, 
                         Centro de Hidrografia da Marinha, Niter{\'o}i, Brazil",
                title = "A procedure for operational use of wave hindcasts to identify 
                         landfall of heavy swell",
              journal = "Weather and Forecasting",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "29",
               number = "2",
                pages = "349--365",
                month = "Apr.",
             keywords = "flood events, Wind effects, Coastal meteorology, Risk 
                         assessment.",
             abstract = "The wave pattern on the Brazilian coastline is composed of both 
                         wind 17 waves and swell. The wave systems (WSs), extracted from 
                         the spectra near 18 the coast produced by numerical wave models, 
                         reveal the occasional pres19 ence of intense swells, with small 
                         significant wave height (HS) and large 20 average period (Ta). 
                         This kind of event has nearly no effect over deep wa21 ter, but 
                         its landfall can be accompanied by inundation, mainly when coupled 
                         22 with favourable tides and storm surge. Since these events are 
                         not clearly evi23 dent in the bulk parameters, this study proposes 
                         a methodology to i) identify 24 intense swells simulated by a 
                         coarse grid resolution wave modelling system 25 (CWS), and to ii) 
                         evaluate their importance. 26 In this methodology, monitoring 
                         sites are defined along a 100-m iso27 bath contouring the 
                         Brazilian coast, where the CWS hindcasts the spectra 28 for a 
                         31-year period, from 1979-2009, obtained by theWAVEWATCH wave 29 
                         model. The spectra are partitioned into WSs, which are used to 
                         build cu30 mulative distribution tables (CDT) for each site. The 
                         variable used in the 31 CDT is the flux of energy per unit length 
                         perpendicular to the wave propa32 gation (PW), which contains in 
                         its definition both HS and Ta. The direction 33 of propagation of 
                         a WS is used to compute the components of PW parallel 34 and 
                         perpendicular to the coast. From the CDT of the perpendicular 
                         compo35 nent of PW, the percentile of an incomingWS can be found 
                         and its intensity 36 ranked. 37 To illustrate the feasibility of 
                         this proposal, the method is used to find the 2 38 50 most 
                         powerful distantly-generated swells for two sites, one on the 
                         north39 ern and another on the southern Brazilian coast. In 
                         addition, the method is 40 applied in two case studies, both 
                         accompanied by coastal flooding and ero41 sion: one represents a 
                         very powerful WS arriving at the northern coast and 42 the another 
                         a less energetic event occurring on the southeastern coast. The 43 
                         analysis of bulk parameters fails to identify the second case as 
                         potentially 44 destructive, while the proposed methodology clearly 
                         gives some indication.",
                  doi = "10.1175/WAF-D-13-00077.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-13-00077.1",
                 issn = "0882-8156",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}